Search results for " income inequality"

showing 10 items of 12 documents

A global perspective on effectiveness of aid for trade

2013

Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. The paper applies a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to measure the effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. The findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade adjustment and technical assistance.

Computable general equilibriumCommercial policyEconomics and Econometricsbusiness.industryMarket accessBalance of tradeInternational economicsInternational tradeTerms of tradeSettore SECS-P/03 - Scienza Delle FinanzeEconomicsOpen economyAid for trade Computable general equilibrium model Income inequality Trade balance WelfareEconomic Theory&ResearchEnvironmental Economics&PoliciesEmerging MarketsInequalityLabor PoliciesbusinessTrade barrierFree trade
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Redistribution, selection, and trade

2017

Abstract This paper examines the distributional effects of international trade in a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents and a welfare state redistributing income. The redistribution scheme is financed by a progressive income tax and gives the same absolute transfer to all individuals. Ceteris paribus, international trade leads to an increase in income per capita but also to higher income inequality on two fronts. Inter-group inequality between managers and workers increases, and intra-group inequality within the group of managers goes up as well. We show that for a given tax rate, there is an endogenous increase in the size of the welfare state that works against the increas…

Economics and EconometricsLabour economicsGeneral equilibrium theoryCeteris paribusH24H25International tradeInternational trade Income inequality Redistribution Heterogeneous firmsTax rateEconomic inequalityIncome tax0502 economics and businessEconomicsddc:330F12050207 economicsIncome inequalityD31050205 econometrics 05 social sciencesF16Internationaler Handel Einkommensungleichheit Umverteilung Heterogene FirmenWelfare stateRedistribution (cultural anthropology)Per capita incomeHeterogeneous firmsVolkswirtschaftslehreRedistributionF68Finance
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How does fiscal consolidation impact on income inequality?

2012

In this paper, we assess the impact of fiscal consolidation on income inequality. Using a panel of 18 industrialized countries from 1978 to 2009, we find that income inequality significantly rises during periods of fiscal consolidation. In addition, while fiscal policy that is driven by spending cuts seems to be detrimental for income distribution, tax hikes seem to have an equalizing effect. We also show that the size of the fiscal consolidation program (in percentage of GDP) has an impact on income inequality. In particular, when consolidation plans represent a small share of GDP, the income gap widens, suggesting that the burden associated with the effort affects disproportionately house…

Economics and EconometricsLabour economicsInequalitymedia_common.quotation_subjectSocial Sciencesfiscal consolidationEconomic inequalityKuznets curveIncome distribution0502 economics and businessEconomics050207 economicsFscal consolidationIncome inequalityKuznets curve10. No inequalitymedia_common050205 econometrics 050208 finance05 social sciences1. No povertyGross incomeSettore SECS-P/02 Politica EconomicaFiscal unionFiscal policyFiscal consolidation income inequality Kuznets curveIncome inequality metrics8. Economic growthD63E62E64
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Can stability of foreign aid agreement reduce global income inequality?

2017

Abstract Global initiatives on debt relief call for increasing foreign aid assistance to alleviate income inequality. But the potential gains from foreign aid policy coordination may be limited by the willing participation of diverse and self-interested donor countries. If stability of the foreign aid agreement does not occur, then aid effectiveness fails. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the stability of foreign aid agreement on income redistribution amongst countries. The findings show that stability has positive effects on income mobility from the rich to the poorest countries reducing global income inequality.

Economics and Econometricsmedia_common.quotation_subject05 social sciencesEconomics Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)Stability (learning theory)International economicsAid effectivenessForeign aidEconomic inequalityIncome inequality metricsIncome distributionSettore SECS-P/03 - Scienza Delle FinanzeDebtComputable general equilibrium model; Foreign aid; Global income inequality; Stability.0502 economics and businessComputable general equilibrium modelEconomicsGlobal income inequality050207 economicsRedistribution of income and wealthStability.050205 econometrics media_common
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National-Level Wealth Inequality and Socioeconomic Inequality in Adolescent Mental Well-Being: A Time Series Analysis of 17 Countries

2020

Purpose: Although previous research has established a positive association between national income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health, very little is known about the extent to which national-level wealth inequalities (i.e., accumulated financial resources) are associated with these inequalities in health. Therefore, this study examined the association between national wealth inequality and income inequality and socioeconomic inequality in adolescents' mental well-being at the aggregated level. Methods: Data were from 17 countries participating in three consecutive waves (2010, 2014, and 2018) of the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. …

Health BehaviorPoison controlAdolescent healthHEALTH COMPLAINTSPediatricshenkinen hyvinvointi0302 clinical medicinenuoretEconomic inequalityCHILDMedicine and Health Sciences030212 general & internal medicineChildmedia_commonHBSCSocioeconomic inequalityPerinatologyand Child HealthPsychiatry and Mental healthMental HealtheriarvoisuusIncomePediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Psychiatry and Mental health Wealth inequality Income inequality Socioeconomic inequality Mental well-being Adolescent health HBSC HEALTH COMPLAINTS INCOME INEQUALITY CHILD BEHAVIORPublic HealthPsychologyBEHAVIORAdolescent healthInequalityAdolescentMental well-beingmedia_common.quotation_subjectMeasures of national income and outputWealth inequality03 medical and health sciencesvertaileva tutkimus030225 pediatricstuloerotHumansPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthIncome inequalitySocioeconomic statussosioekonomiset tekijätEnvironmental and Occupational HealthPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthHealth Status Disparitiesaikasarja-analyysiCross-Sectional StudiesSocial ClassSocioeconomic FactorsPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthNational wealthDemographic economicsterveyserotRedistribution of income and wealthJournal of Adolescent Health
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The Ratification of Human Rights Treaties: an Economic Analysis

The thesis critically discusses some of the relevant literature in the fields of income inequality and human rights and attempts to bridge these two fields theoretically and empirically.

Human Rights Economics Human Rights Treaties Income InequalitySettore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica
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The legal origin of income inequality

2014

The legal origin movement is implicitly functionalist, while it explicitly prioritizes economic dimensions of development. From this perspective, the empirical findings presented in this paper seem to uncover the existence of a paradox. On the one hand, common law countries are apparently characterized by countless advantages, yet they do not grow faster than civil law countries. On the other hand, common law countries present a more unequal distribution of income, thus suggesting that also from a static perspective there is no a priori reason to prefer a common law system. To further investigate this paradox, we analyze if common law countries are at least characterized by a better kind (e…

Inequalitybusiness.industryCommon lawmedia_common.quotation_subjectEconomics Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)Perspective (graphical)Developing countryDistribution (economics)International tradeDevelopmentEconomic inequalityEconomicsPositive economicsbusinessLawdeveloping countries legal origins inequality of outcome Income inequality inequality of opportunitymedia_common
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Financial Reforms and Income Inequality

2012

Available online 8 June 2012

MacroeconomicsEconomics and EconometricsReserve requirementComprehensive incomeInequalitymedia_common.quotation_subjectSocial Sciencesjel:E44Kuznets curveEconomic inequalityIncome distribution0502 economics and businessEconomicsSocial inequality050207 economicsKuznets curveIncome inequalityFinancial reform10. No inequalitymedia_commonFinanceFinancial reforms050208 financebusiness.industry05 social sciences1. No povertySettore SECS-P/02 Politica Economicajel:D31Financial reforms income inequality.Income inequality metrics8. Economic growthbusinessFinance
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A Global Perspective on Effectiveness of Aid for Trade

2012

Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. The paper applies a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to measure the effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. The findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade adjustment and technical assistance.

Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza Delle FinanzeAID FOR TRADE COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL INTERNATIONAL INCOME INEQUALITY WELFARE EFFECTS
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Nonlinearities in the Becker-Tomes-Solon model

2011

The aim of this paper is to explore nonlinearities in the relationship between parents and children earnings. We rst discuss a simple extension of the Becker-Tomes-Solon model accounting for nonlinearity. We then test the linearity of intergenerational transmission employing a set of 141 intergenerational mobility tables in 35 di erent countries at di erent time periods, and nd that linearity is rejected in 89 tables. We nally explore the correlation between the \strength of concavity" and income inequality. Our ndings suggest that more unequal societies tend to have a more concave intergenerational transmission process.

Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza Delle FinanzeBecker-Tomes-Solon model Nonlinearity Income inequalityIntergenerational earnings elasticity
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